Research

Geodetický monitoring vodních nádrží

SP2021/52

MEANS OF SOLUTION Search The base will be the research of the current method of problem solving. On the basis of the analysis, methods of dam monitoring and methods of sediment deposition monitoring with the available department equipment will be proposed. Possibly propose innovation or addition of equipment for stated needs. In the research, we wish to also include a brief overview of the possibilities of using ZABAGED data, possibilities and methods of calculating the accumulation parameters of reservoirs and methods of determining the catchment area of a given reservoir. Negotiations with the Odra river basin An important input of the project is the cooperation with the administrators of water reservoirs. In our case, it will be the establishment of cooperation with the state enterprise Povodí Odry. This relationship is necessary especially for the needs of measuring movements and deformations of dams, both at the level of field measurements (access to the dam), identifying the needs and providing information on the current condition of the solution.There are no private dams with objects worth measuring. At present, the cooperation is established during the elaboration of the diploma thesis of the student Jan Bonczek on the topic " Surveying work for the project of revitalization of the Baška reservoir". The interest in cooperation on projects related to the operational needs of the Odra River Basin Company was confirmed at meetings by the head of the operations department, Ing. Jumper. The location of the Žermanice dam is selected for the project, which enables the deployment of a boat with an internal combustion engine, and the dam is made of monolithic concrete. The concrete dam is more suitable for measuring movements and deformations by comparing digital models. Negotiations will take place throughout the project in the following matters: Identifying the needs of the HV administrator Conditions of navigation on the water surface in its entire area (boat with an electric motor with an output of 0.6 kW and with an internal combustion engine with an output of 1.8 kW, at a distance of not less than 25 m from the shore. Identifying the needs of the HV administrator Making available existing geodetic points for measuring movements and deformations of the dam. Allowing the installation of sensors on the dam, or in the inspection gallery (position and method of placement will be only with the consent of the tank administrator). Providing information on the method and results of the current measurement of dam movements and deformations. Transfer of data and project results. Monitoring of movements and deformations In the field of monitoring the movements and transformation of the dam, it is assumed to use several different methods: terrestrial measurement using a total station , laser scanning , an electronic monitoring system using sensors to measure tilts . The first change and devoted to the "classic" method of measuring the movements and deformations. J e, however, to be noted , that large water tanks on our territory were built at the time , the technology was not available electro-optical rangefinders. The stabilization of the observed and starting points is adapted to instruments that were used in the construction of dams and therefore obsolete instruments (optical-mechanical theodolites) are still used on many dams to measure the movements of deformations. The position of the measured points and their positional changes are measured by the method of intersection from angles. When measuring angles and lengths at the same time, we get extra values ​​to calculate the position of the measured points. Excess measurement values ​​make it possible to perform mathematical compensation of measured values ​​and eliminate measurement errors. Another advantage is the robotization of total stations where it is possible to perform measurements almost automatically without the need for targeting. Eliminating the human factor and entire m of Creating is accelerating. This method would compare and evaluate the measurements using the above instruments in terms of accuracy, control and time consuming measurements. During laser scanning, a large number of points of the so-called point clouds are focused. Laser scanning technology uses passive reflection from solid objects. In the case of a concrete dam, the beam is reflected from the concrete itself, and in the case of an earth dam, the beam would be reflected from the grassland. This is one of the reasons why the Žermanická dam was chosen as the test site. In comparison with the above method, we obtain points with a spacing of a few centimeters, which better cover the entire area of ​​the dam body. It can then better identify any local shifts. It is then possible to create a spatial model from the measured clouds and to compare the resulting 3D models at each stage. The comparison then displays information about the deformations of the dam as an area model and not as isolated points. The project aims to carry out periodic é measurement dam this method to compare it with other methods used and evaluate whether it corresponds to the required accuracy. The third method of measuring movements and deformations will be the use of electronic sensors for measuring tilt, enabling the collection of almost continuous data (picture on the right) . As mentioned in Chapter A, the topic of the topic with electronic tilt sensors has not yet been worked on at the KGDM workplace. As part of the Technology for the Future 3 project, a tilt monitoring system will be acquired and automated . This system will use small sensors for tilt measurement, which will allow it to be easily mounted, the resistance of the sensors is IP68 and they have a solid shell resistant to mechanical damage. The main advantage of these sensors is the wireless transmission of measured data and transmission to the evaluation software. Learn more about this technology at: https://www.senceive.com/tilt-sensors/nano-triaxial-tilt-sensor-node-range or https://www.senceive.com/case-studies/bazergues- emergency-dam-monitoring Testing methods for measurign the shoreline For the needs of mapping the overall condition of the reservoir, it is necessary to map the course of the shoreline. This operation is relatively difficult, because when measuring with GNSS technologies, it is impossible to measure through greenery, direct visibility is necessary and when measuring from the opposite bank, long distances are present. These restrictive conditions increase the time and cost intensity of such work. For this activity, then, it would be appropriate to test the Leica GS18 I, which uses the combination of GNSS technology, RTK method and intersecting photogrammetry to measure inaccessible points. Other methods for mapping shores will be evaluated. With part of this task will be to compare the measurement results the bank line of digital surface model from the database ZABAGED. Testing sonar accuracy Testing the accuracy of the sonar will be one of the main tasks of the whole project. This activity will consist of comparing the measurements of depth with a sonar and another meter (laths, bands) and determining whether they correspond with its true state. From experience, sonar is prone to show deviations, especially in shallow depths. However, these deviations can be easily identified, as they are diametrically completely different. A test rod for measuring the sediment depth will be added to this activity. Mapping tabs sediments Mapping tabs sediments in water reservoirs ch will be performed simultaneously you bavením workplace. These are n and fukovací boat with an engine equipped with sonar apparatus on GNSS (below left) . Using this boat equipped with a measuring device, the project solver Ing. Rajnoch prepared the results of his diploma thesis on the topic " Surveying work for the project of revitalization of the Horní Bečva reservoir ". The image of the resulting isobaths is in the image below on the right. After mapping the bottom of the dam tank, a digital model will be created. After a certain time interval, the second stage of measuring the bottom of the water tank will be performed, and after the digital model of the soil, a comparison with the first stage of measurement will be performed . After comparing the two stages, the change in the amount of sediment at the bottom can be determined. The bottom model can also be used to calculate the total accumulation parameters of the tank or to refine them. For zednodušení work would be appropriate interconnection sonar and GNSS APAR at Ury and measured water depth would be levied directly into the note measured points in GNSS apparatus. However, the connection encounters technical devices and their compatibility. The current equipment does not allow such a connection and it would be appropriate to put it into operation for reasons of time and to eliminate errors in the connection of measurements from GNSS and sonar. Specification of results The content of the previous text describes the content of the project and how to solve it. Digital models created by sonar mapping will be used to calculate the amount of sediment between two digital bottom models. They will also be used to calculate the accumulation parameters based on the flow values ​​and outflow curves of the water reservoir. It will be a simple modeling of the state of filling the tank in case of heavy rainfall. The second part aims to evaluate the usability of tilt sensors for monitoring the movements and deformations of the dam object. Evaluate the measurement results in terms of the possibility of use on other buildings. The results will be published in professional journals: GeoSceince Engineering , Geodesy and Cartography I SSN: 2029-699 ( Scopus ) . It is also expected that the results will be published at conferences, which are currently quite uncertain. The aim will be to present the results at at least two conferences with personal or online participation. The publication of the project results will follow even after the end of the project. The reason is the fact that in less than a year to manage to conduct quality research, which could be published, for example, in journals with an impact factor is very unusual at the student level. Publications in journals , which are well-hours they are assessed, it is a time consuming process. However, this does not mean that we will not strive for publication in journals in the WoS database , for example International Journal of Mining Reclamation and Environment ( WoS ). All these activities will be described in the final report, which will also include an evaluation of the usability of individual methods and the results of field measurements.

2021

2021

Ministerstvo školství, mládeže a tělovýchovy

SGS

Specifický výzkum VŠB-TUO

Rajnoch Lukáš Ing.